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What are the preparation methods of tetrafluoropropanol
info：www.hongjiafu.net | Release time：2026-07-07
1、 Free radical polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and methanol
1. Intermittent polymerization in high-pressure reactors (traditional large-scale production)
Raw materials: Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), anhydrous methanol, peroxide free radical initiator (diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di tert butyl peroxide)
Reaction principle: Free radical addition polymerization, methanol provides CH ₂ OH free radicals, attacks the double bond of tetrafluoroethylene, and generates the target product in one step
Process conditions: High pressure reactor, temperature 35-130 ℃, pressure 0.6-1.0MPa, insulation time 15-20 hours
Post treatment: Remove unreacted TFE and methanol, and collect fractions at 109-110 ℃ by atmospheric distillation; Combined with molecular sieve/multi-stage extraction distillation to eliminate water azeotropy, the purity can reach over 99.5%
Advantages: Low cost and easy to obtain raw materials, short routes, with a selectivity of over 95%, commonly used by domestic fluorine chemical enterprises;
Disadvantages: High investment in high-voltage equipment, average intermittent production efficiency, and easy generation of multi carbon chain by-products.
2. Microchannel Continuous Aggregation (New Generation Low Energy Continuous Process)
Preheating, mixing, and free radical addition are completed in a microchannel reactor. After pre mixing with methanol and initiator, it reacts instantaneously with preheated TFE, staying for only 30 seconds and reacting gently at 40 ℃
Ratio: initiator: methanol: tetrafluoroethylene ≈ 38:95:370, one-way yield 95%
Advantages: low temperature and low pressure, no explosion risk, continuous automation, minimal by-products, controllable production capacity; Suitable for continuous manufacturing of electronic grade high-purity products.
2、 Perfluoroalkyl iodine deiodination hydrolysis method
Tetrafluoroethylene reacts with elemental iodine to form tetrafluorodiiodoethane;
Obtained by free radical polymerization with methanol;
Zinc powder/palladium carbon catalytic hydrogenation deiodination, hydrolysis to obtain tetrafluoropropanol
Advantages: Mild reaction, minimal by-products, and high product purity;
Disadvantages: Iodine raw materials have high costs and generate heavy metal solid waste, which is only used for small batches of pharmaceutical grade high-purity reagents and cannot be industrialized for mass production.
3、 Fluorinated carboxylic acid reduction method (niche laboratory route)
Using 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionic acid as raw material, sodium borohydride/zinc chloride composite reducing agent is used for low-temperature reduction of carboxyl groups to hydroxyl groups;
Process: Reduction in ethanol system at 40-60 ℃, extraction followed by distillation purification
Advantages: No high-pressure hazardous gases, simple equipment;
Shortcomings: Upstream tetrafluoropropionic acid is expensive, has low atomic utilization, and is uneconomical for large-scale production.
4、 Grignard addition hydrolysis route (early laboratory process, now obsolete)
Trifluoroacetyl chloride is added to methyl Grignard reagent at low temperature, and the crude product is obtained by acidic hydrolysis; Further deep distillation purification
Defects: Grignard reagent is flammable and explosive, difficult to remove magnesium salt impurities, and difficult to meet electronic grade purity requirements. It is only used in early laboratory trials and completely abandoned in industry.
5、 Formic acid addition method (niche improvement route)
Tetrafluoroethylene and formic acid are added under free radical catalysis, and formic acid simultaneously provides a hydroxyl carbon source for one-step synthesis;
Features: Reduce methanol consumption, but formic acid has strong corrosiveness and high equipment anti-corrosion costs, and is only used in a few niche overseas processes.
1. Intermittent polymerization in high-pressure reactors (traditional large-scale production)
Raw materials: Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), anhydrous methanol, peroxide free radical initiator (diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di tert butyl peroxide)
Reaction principle: Free radical addition polymerization, methanol provides CH ₂ OH free radicals, attacks the double bond of tetrafluoroethylene, and generates the target product in one step
Process conditions: High pressure reactor, temperature 35-130 ℃, pressure 0.6-1.0MPa, insulation time 15-20 hours
Post treatment: Remove unreacted TFE and methanol, and collect fractions at 109-110 ℃ by atmospheric distillation; Combined with molecular sieve/multi-stage extraction distillation to eliminate water azeotropy, the purity can reach over 99.5%
Advantages: Low cost and easy to obtain raw materials, short routes, with a selectivity of over 95%, commonly used by domestic fluorine chemical enterprises;
Disadvantages: High investment in high-voltage equipment, average intermittent production efficiency, and easy generation of multi carbon chain by-products.
2. Microchannel Continuous Aggregation (New Generation Low Energy Continuous Process)
Preheating, mixing, and free radical addition are completed in a microchannel reactor. After pre mixing with methanol and initiator, it reacts instantaneously with preheated TFE, staying for only 30 seconds and reacting gently at 40 ℃
Ratio: initiator: methanol: tetrafluoroethylene ≈ 38:95:370, one-way yield 95%
Advantages: low temperature and low pressure, no explosion risk, continuous automation, minimal by-products, controllable production capacity; Suitable for continuous manufacturing of electronic grade high-purity products.
2、 Perfluoroalkyl iodine deiodination hydrolysis method
Tetrafluoroethylene reacts with elemental iodine to form tetrafluorodiiodoethane;
Obtained by free radical polymerization with methanol;
Zinc powder/palladium carbon catalytic hydrogenation deiodination, hydrolysis to obtain tetrafluoropropanol
Advantages: Mild reaction, minimal by-products, and high product purity;
Disadvantages: Iodine raw materials have high costs and generate heavy metal solid waste, which is only used for small batches of pharmaceutical grade high-purity reagents and cannot be industrialized for mass production.
3、 Fluorinated carboxylic acid reduction method (niche laboratory route)
Using 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionic acid as raw material, sodium borohydride/zinc chloride composite reducing agent is used for low-temperature reduction of carboxyl groups to hydroxyl groups;
Process: Reduction in ethanol system at 40-60 ℃, extraction followed by distillation purification
Advantages: No high-pressure hazardous gases, simple equipment;
Shortcomings: Upstream tetrafluoropropionic acid is expensive, has low atomic utilization, and is uneconomical for large-scale production.
4、 Grignard addition hydrolysis route (early laboratory process, now obsolete)
Trifluoroacetyl chloride is added to methyl Grignard reagent at low temperature, and the crude product is obtained by acidic hydrolysis; Further deep distillation purification
Defects: Grignard reagent is flammable and explosive, difficult to remove magnesium salt impurities, and difficult to meet electronic grade purity requirements. It is only used in early laboratory trials and completely abandoned in industry.
5、 Formic acid addition method (niche improvement route)
Tetrafluoroethylene and formic acid are added under free radical catalysis, and formic acid simultaneously provides a hydroxyl carbon source for one-step synthesis;
Features: Reduce methanol consumption, but formic acid has strong corrosiveness and high equipment anti-corrosion costs, and is only used in a few niche overseas processes.
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