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What are the characteristics of potassium tetraborate
info：www.hongjiafu.net | Release time：2026-09-22
Potassium tetraborate, also known as potassium borate, is a potassium containing borate salt, CAS：12045-78-2， It is an orthorhombic white crystalline particle or powder that does not contain sodium ions. Compared with borax (sodium tetraborate), it has unique physicochemical and application properties, which are divided into five parts: physical properties, chemical properties, functional properties, storage stability properties, and safety properties.
1、 Physical characteristics
1. Appearance: White crystalline particles or powder, with regular crystals and good flowability. It is not easily compacted during normal storage and can absorb moisture and form lumps in high humidity environments.
2. Solubility: Excellent water solubility, significantly higher solubility at room temperature than sodium tetraborate (borax), and can be used to prepare high concentration boron containing aqueous solutions; Slightly soluble in ethanol. The pH of the 2% aqueous solution is approximately 9.2, indicating weak alkalinity.
3. Thermal properties: gradually lose crystalline water starting from 100 ℃; Continuously heating up to 200 ℃ to remove a large amount of crystal water, forming a porous anhydrous substance; Anhydrous potassium tetraborate has a melting point of about 815 ℃ and can melt to form a low viscosity borate glass phase at high temperatures, with good melting aid ability.
4. Density: The relative density of tetrahydrate is about 1.92, and the packing density of crystal particles can be adjusted according to the production process.
2、 Chemical characteristics
1. Weak alkaline buffering characteristics: The aqueous solution hydrolyzes to form a boric acid borate buffer system, which has stable pH and strong resistance to acid-base disturbances. It is a primary reference substance for acid-base titration and is used as an acidity standard buffer reagent in analytical chemistry.
2. Sodium free borate system: The cation is potassium ion and does not contain sodium ion. It can be used in working conditions where sodium ion introduction is strictly prohibited, to avoid interference, intergranular corrosion, and ion pollution caused by sodium element. It is a substitute material for borax.
3. High temperature film formation and wetting characteristics: After high-temperature melting, it can wet the metal surface, dissolve metal surface oxides, and peel off oxide scales; After cooling, a dense borate film is formed, which isolates the air and has antioxidant and anti re oxidation effects.
4. Ionic reaction characteristics: Water solution can chelate and precipitate with heavy metal ions, and has a certain metal passivation effect.
3、 Functional application features (industrial scenario)
1. Welding/brazing flux components: As a raw material for brazing and gas welding flux of copper, steel and other metals, it removes the oxide layer of the base material, improves the wettability of the molten solder, and enhances the quality of the weld formation.
2. Extreme pressure anti-wear additive: used as an extreme pressure anti-wear agent for lubricating oil and gear oil. Under heavy load friction conditions, a wear-resistant borate protective film can be formed on the metal friction surface, reducing the friction coefficient and improving the bearing capacity, with a certain anti rust and anti-corrosion effect. U.S. Borax.
3. Flame retardant synergist: Used in textile and wood flame retardant systems, boron element can prevent combustion free radicals, form a glassy coating at high temperatures to isolate oxygen, and synergistically enhance flame retardant performance.
4. Neutron absorption characteristics: Boron element can absorb thermal neutrons and is suitable for some nuclear safety fluids and shielding medium systems.
5. Other functions: Can be used as a disinfectant component, casein solvent, diazo developer component, and metal surface treatment aid.
4、 Stability and storage characteristics
1. Chemical stability: Under normal temperature sealing conditions, the chemical properties are stable and not easily decomposed; Long term exposure to high humidity air will slowly absorb moisture.
2. Storage requirements: Sealed packaging is required and stored in a ventilated and dry warehouse; Avoid rainy and humid environments; Use lined plastic bags, woven bags, or plastic drums for packaging.
3. Compatibility: Avoid mixing with strong acids and oxidants, as contact with strong acids can precipitate boric acid.
5、 Security features
1. Dust can harm the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin; Excessive intake is toxic and not edible.
2. It does not belong to high-risk explosives and has no risk of combustion or explosion; Water discharge needs to be controlled and cannot be directly discharged into natural water bodies in large quantities.
3. It is recommended to wear dust masks, goggles, and protective gloves during operation, and rinse with plenty of water after skin or eye contact.
1、 Physical characteristics
1. Appearance: White crystalline particles or powder, with regular crystals and good flowability. It is not easily compacted during normal storage and can absorb moisture and form lumps in high humidity environments.
2. Solubility: Excellent water solubility, significantly higher solubility at room temperature than sodium tetraborate (borax), and can be used to prepare high concentration boron containing aqueous solutions; Slightly soluble in ethanol. The pH of the 2% aqueous solution is approximately 9.2, indicating weak alkalinity.
3. Thermal properties: gradually lose crystalline water starting from 100 ℃; Continuously heating up to 200 ℃ to remove a large amount of crystal water, forming a porous anhydrous substance; Anhydrous potassium tetraborate has a melting point of about 815 ℃ and can melt to form a low viscosity borate glass phase at high temperatures, with good melting aid ability.
4. Density: The relative density of tetrahydrate is about 1.92, and the packing density of crystal particles can be adjusted according to the production process.
2、 Chemical characteristics
1. Weak alkaline buffering characteristics: The aqueous solution hydrolyzes to form a boric acid borate buffer system, which has stable pH and strong resistance to acid-base disturbances. It is a primary reference substance for acid-base titration and is used as an acidity standard buffer reagent in analytical chemistry.
2. Sodium free borate system: The cation is potassium ion and does not contain sodium ion. It can be used in working conditions where sodium ion introduction is strictly prohibited, to avoid interference, intergranular corrosion, and ion pollution caused by sodium element. It is a substitute material for borax.
3. High temperature film formation and wetting characteristics: After high-temperature melting, it can wet the metal surface, dissolve metal surface oxides, and peel off oxide scales; After cooling, a dense borate film is formed, which isolates the air and has antioxidant and anti re oxidation effects.
4. Ionic reaction characteristics: Water solution can chelate and precipitate with heavy metal ions, and has a certain metal passivation effect.
3、 Functional application features (industrial scenario)
1. Welding/brazing flux components: As a raw material for brazing and gas welding flux of copper, steel and other metals, it removes the oxide layer of the base material, improves the wettability of the molten solder, and enhances the quality of the weld formation.
2. Extreme pressure anti-wear additive: used as an extreme pressure anti-wear agent for lubricating oil and gear oil. Under heavy load friction conditions, a wear-resistant borate protective film can be formed on the metal friction surface, reducing the friction coefficient and improving the bearing capacity, with a certain anti rust and anti-corrosion effect. U.S. Borax.
3. Flame retardant synergist: Used in textile and wood flame retardant systems, boron element can prevent combustion free radicals, form a glassy coating at high temperatures to isolate oxygen, and synergistically enhance flame retardant performance.
4. Neutron absorption characteristics: Boron element can absorb thermal neutrons and is suitable for some nuclear safety fluids and shielding medium systems.
5. Other functions: Can be used as a disinfectant component, casein solvent, diazo developer component, and metal surface treatment aid.
4、 Stability and storage characteristics
1. Chemical stability: Under normal temperature sealing conditions, the chemical properties are stable and not easily decomposed; Long term exposure to high humidity air will slowly absorb moisture.
2. Storage requirements: Sealed packaging is required and stored in a ventilated and dry warehouse; Avoid rainy and humid environments; Use lined plastic bags, woven bags, or plastic drums for packaging.
3. Compatibility: Avoid mixing with strong acids and oxidants, as contact with strong acids can precipitate boric acid.
5、 Security features
1. Dust can harm the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin; Excessive intake is toxic and not edible.
2. It does not belong to high-risk explosives and has no risk of combustion or explosion; Water discharge needs to be controlled and cannot be directly discharged into natural water bodies in large quantities.
3. It is recommended to wear dust masks, goggles, and protective gloves during operation, and rinse with plenty of water after skin or eye contact.
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